A total of 8 muscles are present in the anterior part of the forearm so authors say, there is 4 muscle superficially, 1 intermediate and 3 deep and some author says there are 5 superficial muscle and 3 deep muscles. These muscles are also a week flexor of the elbow joint.
You can remember the muscles as 4 -1 =3. It means 4 superficial 1 in the middle and 3 deep.
the way they are arranged in the anterior aspects of our hand is from medial to lateral. In this blog we will study about the only 4 muscles of the forearm.
You can also remember them as a mnemonics of Pass Fall Pass Fall or PFPF.
ATTACHMENTS:
1. Pronator teres- Humeral head arise from common flexor origin (medial epicondyle), ulnar head arises from the medial margin of the coronoid process of the ulna and distally it attaches to middle 1/3 of the lateral surface of shaft of the radius bone.
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis- Originates from medial epicondyle and inserts into the base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones.
3. Palmaris Longus- From Medial epicondyle to distal half of flexor retinaculum
4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris- humeral head originates from the medial epicondyle and ulnar nerve from the medial margin of the olecranon.
ACTIONS:
1. Pronator Teres: Pronates the forearm and assists in flexion of the elbow joint.
2. Flexor Carpi Radialis: Flexion and abduction of the wrist.
3. Palmaris longus: tenses the palmar fascia, flexes the wrist.
4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Flexion and adduction of the wrist.
NERVE SUPPLY: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris is supplied by Ulnar nerve the remainder by the median nerve.
PALPATION: Forearm in full pronation, elbow flexed to 90 degrees. First, locate the tip of the lateral epicondyle with your thumb. Then slide your thumb toward the client's wrist approximately ½ inch. The hard feel is the radial head.
CLINICAL CONDITION: When the median nerve compress at the elbow joint it causes Pronator teres Syndrome.
RESEARCH:
Palmaris longus is absent in 15% of the population; however, this no. may vary
“The prevalence of absence of the palmaris longus--a study in a Chinese population and a review of the literature". Journal of Hand Surgery.
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